'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.Music available on Bandcamp by clicking/tapping on this link:https://worldscott.bandcamp.com/track/the-ambassadors“The Ambassadors” is a painting from 1533 m... Jean de Dinteville, the man on the left, is shown on his second diplomatic mission to England on behalf of Francis I, King of France. To the right is his close friend, Georges de Selve, Bishop of Lavaur. This portrait was painted at a time of religious upheaval in Europe. Although the pope had refused to annul Henry VIII, King of England’s ... Made of sturdy cardboard and mounted on chipboard, these puzzles are printed in vivid and full color. For hours of puzzle enjoyment, give a custom puzzle as a gift today! Dimensions: 11" x 14" (252 pieces) Includes cardboard carry-case with puzzle image printed on lid. Sturdy cardboard stock, mounted on chipboard. Easy wipe-clean surface.Reviewed by G H , Lincoln College, Oxford John North’s claims in The Ambassadors’ Secret are radical and challenging: the composition of the Ambassadors is based on a hidden geometrical plan, designed according to astronomical principles; the plan is of such sophistication that it was beyond the skill of Holbein or his sitters alone ...'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.Full Title: Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve ('The Ambassadors') Artist Dates: 1497/8 - 1543. Artist Biography: Holbein was one of the most accomplished portraitists of the 16th century. He ...Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve ('The Ambassadors') by Hans Holbein the younger (c.1497–1543), 1533, from The National Gallery, London ... The portrait is a supreme display of Holbein’s skill in composing images and in manipulating oil paint to recreate a variety of textures. If viewed from a particular angle the elongated shape ... Title: The Ambassadors. Creator: Hans Holbein the Younger. Date Created: 1533. Physical Dimensions: 207 x 209.5 cm. Medium: Oil on oak. School: German. More Info: Explore the National Gallery’s ... Holbein's technique and his choice of pigments and media are given in detail. Then the 1891 restoration of The Ambassadors , which involved planing down the panel and providing a cradle, is described, with the subsequent damage that the panel sustained in changing environmental conditions.'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.The Ambassadors from 1533 is Hans Holbein the Younger's most famous painting and is also amongst the highlights of the National Gallery's collection in London, …Hans Holbein the Younger (UK: / ˈ h ɒ l b aɪ n / HOL-byne, US: / ˈ h oʊ l b aɪ n, ˈ h ɔː l-/ HOHL-byne, HAWL-; German: Hans Holbein der Jüngere; c. 1497 – between 7 October and 29 November 1543) was a German-Swiss painter and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style, and is considered one of the greatest portraitists of the 16th century. …Google Arts & Culture features content from over 2000 leading museums and archives who have partnered with the Google Cultural Institute to bring the world's treasures online. V projektu Google Arts & Culture vám nabízíme obsah z více než 2000 předních muzeí a archivů, které se rozhodly ve spolupráci se službou Google Cultural Institute vystavit nejkrásnější poklady světa na internetu. 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.In Lacan’s analysis of Hans Holbein’s 1533 painting, The Ambassadors, the gaze is located in the distorted shape in the foreground of the painting, inaccessible to distinct vision and yet sufficiently registered to provoke the viewer to look back at it as she leaves the room, thereby clearly perceiving, for the first time, the angled skull.And Holbein’s most famous work is far too valuable to travel from the National Gallery in London: his double portrait “The Ambassadors,” in which two Frenchmen at Henry’s court pose amid ... Who were the French ambassadors so elegantly depicted in Holbein's masterpiece and how did King Henry VIII's astronomer become involved? Find out all this and more with Susan Foister, our Deputy Director and Director of Public Engagement. Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, 1533. Read about this painting, learn the key facts and zoom in ... The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger is a renowned painting that has captivated viewers for centuries. Created in 1533, this masterpiece offers a fascinating insight into the political and cultural dynamics of the time. On the surface, the painting portrays two wealthy and distinguished men, Jean de Dinteville and Georges de … 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. The Ambassadors (1533) by Hans Holbein the Younger The National Gallery, London. Hanging in the National Gallery, London, 'The Ambassadors' is a painting full of clues, symbols, and mystery. At first glance, the picture celebrates two wealthy, educated and powerful young men. On the left is Jean de Dinteville, aged 29, the French ambassador …The Ambassadors is one of the most famous images of the Tudor age. It was created by Hans Holbein the Younger, perhaps the most accomplished portraitist of the 16th century.He was born in Augsburg in southern Germany, but spent two periods of his life in England, during 1526-1528 and 1532-1543.For more of Holbein's English portraiture, see the National Portrait Gallery in London. The Ambassadors In 1533 the French Ambassador to England commissioned The Ambassadors (1533, National Gallery), a double portrait of himself and the Bishop Georges de Selve. In the foreground of the painting there is strange object that cannot be …The Ambassadors, by Hans Holbein, 1533. This could have been a lead photo for an article about two suave young men in an upmarket style magazine. Surrounded by their material symbols of knowledge and power, they have the swagger of a couple of go–getters. Nearly five hundred years ago a German artist living in England painted two French ...Art. Art History II (Lumen) 6: 1500–1600—The Age of Reformation- Northern Renaissance Art. 6.13: Holbein’s The Ambassadors. Expand/collapse global location. 6.13: Holbein’s The Ambassadors. Page ID. Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker provide a description, historical perspective, and analysis of Hans Holbein the Younger’s The ...THE AMBASSADORS' SECRET is a radical reinterpretation of one of the world's most famous paintings. Holbein's celebrated portrait of two French diplomats at the court of Henry VIII has usually been linked to the political and religious unrest of the day. John North shows that the painting has a very different, and previously undetected, central ...'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. slow art story by Susan Foister. Listen to the Story: 38 minutes. Description: Who were the French ambassadors so elegantly depicted in Holbein’s masterpiece and how did King Henry VIII’s astronomer become involved? Find out all this and more with Susan Foister, our Deputy Director and Director of Public Engagement. The Ambassadors (detail) Hans Holbein's double portrait is an early example of the friendship portrait. It depicts the two French ambassadors to the English court, Jean de Dinteville (1504-1555) and Georges de Selve (1508/09-1541). Dinteville, who spent many years in London, probably commissioned the painting to record his friend's visit at ... 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. The Ambassadors, by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497–1543) may on the face of it appear to be a magnificent near-life-size double portrait, but closer inspection reveals a whole host of hidden…Holbein died in London, almost certainly of plague, in 1543. The long shadow of bubonic plague permeates his art, in its danse macabre of corpses and skeletons. ... The Ambassadors, with the ...'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.Culture. ‘The Ambassadors’ by Holbein: A Triumph of Tudor Portraiture. Alice Loxton. 11 Apr 2022. @history_alice. 'The Ambassadors’ by Holbein (cropped) Image Credit: Hans Holbein the …'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.For more of Holbein's English portraiture, see the National Portrait Gallery in London. The Ambassadors In 1533 the French Ambassador to England commissioned The Ambassadors (1533, National Gallery), a double portrait of himself and the Bishop Georges de Selve. In the foreground of the painting there is strange object that cannot be …THE AMBASSADORS' SECRET is a radical reinterpretation of one of the world's most famous paintings. Holbein's celebrated portrait of two French diplomats at the court of Henry VIII has usually been linked to the political and religious unrest of the day. John North shows that the painting has a very different, and previously undetected, central ...'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.Jun 10, 2012 · Painted in 1533 by Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors is famous for the trick of perspective that allows what first appears to be a diagonal streak across the bottom of the canvas to be seen from a particular angle as a skull. In this Demonstration the image is applied as a texture to a flat square, directly below the observer's original ... V projektu Google Arts & Culture vám nabízíme obsah z více než 2000 předních muzeí a archivů, které se rozhodly ve spolupráci se službou Google Cultural Institute vystavit nejkrásnější poklady světa na internetu.For more of Holbein's English portraiture, see the National Portrait Gallery in London. The Ambassadors In 1533 the French Ambassador to England commissioned The Ambassadors (1533, National Gallery), a double portrait of himself and the Bishop Georges de Selve. In the foreground of the painting there is strange object that cannot be …This picture memorialises two wealthy, educated and powerful young men. On the left is Jean de Dinteville, aged 29, French ambassador to England in 1533. To the right stands his friend, Georges de Selve, aged 25, bishop of Lavaur, who acted on several occasions as ambassador to the Emperor, the Venetian Republic and the Holy See. The picture is in a …Holbein's technique and his choice of pigments and media are given in detail. Then the 1891 restoration of The Ambassadors , which involved planing down the panel and providing a cradle, is described, with the subsequent damage that the panel sustained in changing environmental conditions.The Ambassadors (1533) in London. by Hans HOLBEIN the Younger. In the first years after Holbein's return to England, the Steelyard merchants were by no means his only clients. His reputation as a brilliant portraitist had undoubtedly penetrated court circles, because in 1533 Holbein was commissioned by the French ambassador Jean de …'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.Hans Holbein, o Jovem (1497-1543) nasceu e foi educado em Augsburgo, um centro de comércio internacional no sul da Alemanha, especialmente receptivo às ideias do …'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. The Ambassadors (1533) by Hans Holbein the Younger The National Gallery, London. Hanging in the National Gallery, London, 'The Ambassadors' is a painting full of clues, symbols, and mystery. At first glance, the picture celebrates two wealthy, educated and powerful young men. On the left is Jean de Dinteville, aged 29, the French ambassador to ... The Ambassadors (1533) by Hans Holbein the Younger The National Gallery, London. Hanging in the National Gallery, London, 'The Ambassadors' is a painting full of clues, symbols, and mystery. At first glance, the picture celebrates two wealthy, educated and powerful young men. On the left is Jean de Dinteville, aged 29, the French ambassador to ... One of the most famous examples of the technique is Hans Holbein the Younger's double portrait The Ambassadors, which possesses a history as rich as the …'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.Hans Holbein the Younger’s The Ambassadors not only fits that distinction, but stands out as one of the most enigmatic and unusual paintings in the history of art. As I pointed out in my recent post on Holbein, The Ambassadors, the full title of which is actually Allegorical Portrait of Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve, is a painting ... Google Arts & Culture features content from over 2000 leading museums and archives who have partnered with the Google Cultural Institute to bring the world's treasures online. 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.Apr 11, 2022 · The Ambassadors is one of the most famous images of the Tudor age. It was created by Hans Holbein the Younger, perhaps the most accomplished portraitist of the 16th century. He was born in Augsburg in southern Germany, but spent two periods of his life in England, during 1526-1528 and 1532-1543. During his second trip to England, he painted ... Reviewed by G H , Lincoln College, Oxford John North’s claims in The Ambassadors’ Secret are radical and challenging: the composition of the Ambassadors is based on a hidden geometrical plan, designed according to astronomical principles; the plan is of such sophistication that it was beyond the skill of Holbein or his sitters alone ...What symbol does Hans Holbein include in his painting, The Ambassadors, from chapter 16 that represents Europe's exploration of the wider world? Multiple choice question. as a memorial of leaders or ancestors. Why did the inhabitants of Easter Island carve …Learn about the symbolism, technique and history of Holbein's famous painting "The Ambassadors" from 1533. See how the skull, the crucifix and the anamorphic …Holbein’s The Ambassadors Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker provide a description, historical perspective, and analysis of Hans Holbein the Younger’s The Ambassadors . Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors , 1533, oil on oak, 207 × 209.5 cm (The National Gallery, London). V projektu Google Arts & Culture vám nabízíme obsah z více než 2000 předních muzeí a archivů, které se rozhodly ve spolupráci se službou Google Cultural Institute vystavit nejkrásnější poklady světa na internetu. Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, 1533, oil on oak, 207 x 209.5 cm (The National Gallery, London). View this work up close on the Google Art Project...Title: The Ambassadors. Creator: Hans Holbein the Younger. Date Created: 1533. Physical Dimensions: 207 x 209.5 cm. Medium: Oil on oak. School: German. More Info: Explore the National Gallery’s ...'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.Holbein's Ambassadors: A Glimpse into 16th Century Northern Europe Introduction. The 16th century was a period of considerable change and innovation in the field of art across Europe. During this time, painters such as Hans Holbein the Younger emerged as leading figures, producing remarkable works that reflected the shifting socio-political and ... 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. English : The Ambassadors (1533), painting by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497–1543) with the portraits of Jean de Dinteville, French ambassador to the court of Henry VIII of England, and Georges de Selve, bishop of Lavaur.'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.One of the most famous examples of the technique is Hans Holbein the Younger's double portrait The Ambassadors, which possesses a history as rich as the …Hans Holbein the Younger's portrait of Anne of Cleves. Hans Holbein the Younger acted as a matchmaker to Henry VIII, tasked with painting the portraits of potential wives across Europe in a bid to ...The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543) This double full-length portrait shows two Frenchmen who visited London in 1533. The flamboyantly dressed Jean de Dinteville on the left was an ambassador to the court of King Henry VIII. While he was in England he commissioned this painting from the German painter Hans Holbein who was ...We now know that the men represent ambassadors Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve. However, the painting, executed by King Henry VIII’s court painter in 1533, still holds many mysteries. Join expert Susan Foister to decode some of the symbols in Holbein’s canvas that could point to the societal turmoil incited by the notorious Tudor …Hans Holbein the Younger's portrait of Anne of Cleves. Hans Holbein the Younger acted as a matchmaker to Henry VIII, tasked with painting the portraits of potential wives across Europe in a bid to ...Who were the French ambassadors so elegantly depicted in Holbein's masterpiece and how did King Henry VIII's astronomer become involved? Find out all this and more with Susan Foister, our Deputy Director and Director of Public Engagement. Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, 1533. Read about this painting, learn the key facts and …
Holbein's Ambassadors: A Glimpse into 16th Century Northern Europe Introduction. The 16th century was a period of considerable change and innovation in the field of art across Europe. During this time, painters such as Hans Holbein the Younger emerged as leading figures, producing remarkable works that reflected the shifting socio-political and .... Organizational chart generator
Who were the French ambassadors so elegantly depicted in Holbein's masterpiece and how did King Henry VIII's astronomer become involved? Find out all this and more with Susan Foister, our Deputy Director and Director of Public Engagement. Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, 1533. Read about this painting, learn the key facts and zoom in ... Holbein's 'The Ambassadors' Grandiose. Monumental. Chas and Dave? Find out what people had to say about 'The Ambassadors' This is a YouTube video player. Below the video are the title, view time and description. Below that is a carousel of video thumbnails. Clicking a thumbnail will load and play that video.This picture memorialises two wealthy, educated and powerful young men. On the left is Jean de Dinteville, aged 29, French ambassador to England in 1533. T...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like When was the ambassadors painted, When did Holbein become court painter to Henry VIII, Who influenced him (the Ambassadors) and more.RM 2JBN4R7 – The Ambassadors, painting by German-Swiss painter Hans Holbein the Younger, 1533. RM 2H1A5WD – The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger. The strange white object which runs diagonally at the bottom of the image is an example of anamorphosis - when viewed from an extreme angle it reveals a human skull.slow art story by Susan Foister. Listen to the Story: 38 minutes. Description: Who were the French ambassadors so elegantly depicted in Holbein’s masterpiece and how did King Henry VIII’s astronomer become involved? Find out all this and more with Susan Foister, our Deputy Director and Director of Public Engagement.The Ambassadors (detail) Hans Holbein's double portrait is an early example of the friendship portrait. It depicts the two French ambassadors to the English court, Jean de Dinteville (1504-1555) and Georges de Selve (1508/09-1541). Dinteville, who spent many years in London, probably commissioned the painting to record his friend's visit at ...Title: The Ambassadors. Creator: Hans Holbein the Younger. Date Created: 1533. Physical Dimensions: 207 x 209.5 cm. Medium: Oil on oak. School: German. More Info: Explore the National Gallery’s ...Hans Holbein's "The Ambassadors" was painted in 1533. Rendered in oil on oak, the portrait is filled with hidden meaning. Many of the objects represent the division of the Church due to the ... 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.The Ambassadors was painted in the Spring of 1533, a time described by the State University of New York, College at Oneonta, website as a “context of shifting political alliances, religious conflict, and changing fortunes” 3. It was painted during the lead up to the coronation of the pregnant Anne Boleyn, who had married Henry VIII secretly ...Dimensions. 207 cm × 209.5 cm (81 in × 82.5 in) Condition. Restored 1996. Location. National Gallery, London. Website. National Gallery page. The Ambassadors is a 1533 painting by Hans Holbein the Younger.'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein is an enormous painting in both size and ambition. It memorializes two wealthy, educated and powerful young men. On the left is Jean de Dinteville, aged 29, French ambassador to England in 1533. To the right stands his friend, Georges de Selve, aged 25, bishop of Lavaur, who acted on several occasions as ....